The impact of indigenous trees species in agroforestry ecosystem restoration in Rwanda; the case of Kirehe District.
Received 02 June 2025, Accepted 21 July 2025, Available online 21 July 2025.
Abstract
Agroforestry plays a crucial role in restoring degraded environments and enhancing agricultural productivity. This study examined the impact of indigenous tree species on agroforestry ecosystem restoration in Rwanda, focusing on Kirehe District. The purpose was to assess the contribution of native tree species to landscape and ecosystem restoration, identify the most common indigenous agroforestry species, and recommend suitable species for sustainable restoration and improved livelihoods.A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques was used. Data were collected from four selected agroforestry landscapes, Kigarama, Nyamugari, Mpanga, and Nyarubuye through field surveys, focus group discussions, and structured interviews with 335 farmers. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, remote sensing, and statistical analysis (SPSS) were employed to identify, count, and analyze indigenous tree species and their spatial distribution across agroforestry plots.Results revealed that indigenous species such as Ficus spp., Markhamia lutea, and Maesopsis eminii are predominant and highly preferred by farmers due to their ecological and socio-economic benefits. These species contribute significantly to soil fertility enhancement, erosion control, microclimate regulation, and biodiversity conservation. In Kigarama and Nyamugari, indigenous trees accounted for 40.44% and 3.6% of total trees, respectively, indicating spatial variation in adoption. Farmers expressed strong interest in increasing the use of native species, citing their role in providing fodder, fuelwood, and medicinal resources. However, findings also showed that indigenous trees are under threat from deforestation, overexploitation, and limited propagation efforts. The study concludes that indigenous tree species are vital for sustainable landscape restoration and ecosystem resilience in Kirehe District. Strengthening their integration within agroforestry systems can enhance environmental conservation and rural livelihoods. It is recommended that the Government of Rwanda and development partners promote large-scale nurseries for indigenous tree seedlings, increase farmer awareness and training on native species management, and conduct further research on soil-plant interactions and medicinal potential of indigenous trees to inform restoration policies and practices.